Many people clench their jaw or grind their teeth without realising it, often during sleep or when concentrating. Over time it can cause discomfort, wear on the teeth and changes in how the jaw muscles feel. Here is how to spot the signs, what can cause it, and who to see.

Common signs

• A tired, tight or aching jaw, especially in the morning
• Headaches around the temples
• Worn, flattened, chipped or sensitive teeth
• Clicking or discomfort when you open your mouth wide
• A scalloped edge along the sides of your tongue
• A partner hearing you grind at night

What can cause it

There is rarely a single cause. Stress and anxiety are common contributors, and so are sleep problems, caffeine and alcohol, some medications, and the way your teeth meet. Clenching and grinding during sleep can also be linked to sleep-disordered breathing, which is worth raising with your GP.

Simple things to try

• Notice your jaw during the day. At rest, your lips should be together and your teeth slightly apart.
• Cut back on caffeine and alcohol, particularly later in the day.
• Avoid chewing gum and chewing on pens or nails.
• Build in ways to manage stress, such as exercise, breathing techniques or time away from screens before bed.

Who to see

Your dentist is usually the best first stop. They can check your teeth for wear and may suggest a custom night guard. Your GP can look at contributing factors such as sleep, stress, medications or other health conditions. A physiotherapist with an interest in the jaw can help with muscle tension and movement.

If clenching has also changed how your lower face looks, for example a wider or squarer jawline, a cosmetic consultation can be one part of the picture. A responsible practitioner will assess the muscles and how your bite functions, and may recommend you see your dentist or GP as well.

When to see someone promptly

See a health professional soon if your jaw locks, you cannot open your mouth fully, pain is severe or getting worse, or you have swelling, fever or changes in your bite.

Read more about our jaw and lower face consultations, or book a time to talk it through.

This article is general information only and is not medical advice. Whether any procedure is suitable for you can only be decided after an individual consultation and assessment with a registered health practitioner. All procedures carry risk.